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UC Referencing Guide

E-Books

Format - eBook accessed from an academic research database

Note: Do not include a URL or database information for works from an academic research database.

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of book [Version/edition]. Publisher. DOI

Format - eBook accessed from a website

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work [Version/edition]. Publisher. URL

Examples

Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. A., Edwards, M., Sandiford, P., & Fitzgerald, M. (2020). Organisational behaviour (9th ed.). Pearson Australia.

Scott, P. A. (Ed.). (2018). Key concepts and issues in nursing ethics. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49250-6

Niemann, S., Greenstein, D., & David, D. (2004). Helping children who are deaf: Family and community support for children who do not hear well. Hesperian Foundation. http://www.hesperian.org/publications_download_deaf.php

Eddings, D. (2010). The pawn of prophecy [Kindle version]. Del Rey. http://www.amazon.com

Faggiano, V. (2012). Critical incident management: A complete response guide (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis. http://www.crcnetbase.com/ISBN/978-1-4398-7454-7

One Author

Format

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL

Examples

Cochrane, A. (2007). Understanding urban policy: A critical approach. Blackwell.

Finkelman, A. (2006). Leadership and management in nursing. Pearson Prentice Hall.

Fullan, M. (1996). The new meaning of educational change. Cassell.

Maxwell, F. (1999). Phonology. Brooks Cole.

Two Authors

Format

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL

Examples

Littlejohn, S. W., & Foss, K. A. (2005). Theories of human communication (8th ed.). Wadsworth.

Carr, W., & Kemmis, S. (1986). Becoming critical: Education knowledge and action research. Falmer.

Three to Twenty Authors

General guidelines

Provide surname & initial for up to and including twenty authors.

Format

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., & Author G. G. (Year of publication). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL

Example

Duffy, A., Deakin, V., Wieniawa-Narkiewicz, E., & Wilson, K. (2001). Guide to writing in biomedical sciences. University of Canberra.

Twenty-one or More Authors

General guidelines

List the first 19 authors enter three full stops (ellipsis) then enter the last author.

Format

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., Author, G. G., Author, H. H., Author, I. I., Author, J. J., Author, K. K., Author, L. L., Author, M. M., Author, N. N., Author, O. O., Author, P. P., Author, Q. Q., Author, R. R., Author, S. S., . . . Author, Z. Z. (Year of publication). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL

Corporate Authors / Organisations

General guidelines

If the corporate author and publisher are the same, you may omit the publisher.

Spell out the full name; do not use abbreviations.

When there are multiple layers of government used as the author, use the most specific one.

Format

Corporate Author. (Year of publication). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL

Example

Australian National Audit Office. (1990). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission: Community Development Employment Project. AGPS.

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2009). Indigenous housing needs 2009: A multi-measure needs model (AIHW cat. no. JOU 214).

Edited Book

Format

Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year of publication). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL

Editor, A. A., & Editor, B. B. (Eds.). (Year of publication). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL

Examples

Zairi, M. (Ed.). (1999). Best practice: Process innovation management. Butterworth-Heinemann.

Inge, M. T., Duke, M., & Bryer, J. R. (Eds.). (1978). Black American writers: Bibliographical essays (Vols. 1-2). St. Martins.

Kemmis, S., & McTaggart, R. (Eds.). (1988). The action research planner (3rd ed.). Deakin University.

Later Editions

These are some edition statements you may see.

  • 7th ed.
  • 1st paperback edition
  • Rev. ed.
  • 2nd ed., rev. and expanded
  • 1st American ed.
  • New ed.
  • Facsim. ed.
Format

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work (x ed.). Publisher. DOI or URL

Examples

Littlejohn, S. W., & Foss, K. A. (2005). Theories of human communication (8th ed.). Wadsworth.

Kemmis, S., & McTaggart, R. (Eds.). (1988). The action research planner (3rd ed.). Deakin University.

Green, W. A., Hodges, B., Simons, H. J., Heverson, H. J., Mally, Q. G., De Vanders, W. M., & Greve, M. J. (2009). Matrix regression functions applicable to variable plasma fluxes (2nd rev. ed.). University of New South Wales.

Translated Book

Format

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work (A. Translator, Trans.). Publisher. (Original work published Year). DOI or URL

Example

Gaarder, J. (1994). Sophie's world: A novel about the history of philosophy (P. Moller, Trans.). Phoenix House. (Original work published 1991).

Multi-Volume Works

General Guidelines

If there is a volume editor and a series editor, include only the volume editor.

If there is no title for the volume, include the volume number in parentheses.

If the volume has its own title, include the volume number and title after the main title, in italics.

Format

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work (Vols. x). Publisher. DOI or URL

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of entire work: Vol. x. Title of volume. Publisher. DOI or URL

Examples

Inge, M. T., Duke, M., & Bryer, J. R. (Eds.). (1978). Black American writers: Bibliographical essays (Vols. 1-2). St. Martins.

Clark, C. M. H. (1978). A history of Australia: Vol. 4. The earth abideth for ever, 1851-1888. Melbourne University Press.

No Author / Editor

General guidelines

If there is no author - substitute the title in the position of the author.

Format

Title of work. (Year of publication). Publisher. DOI or URL

Example

Macroeconomics, prices and quantities: Essays in memory of Arthur M. Okun. (1983). Blackwell.

No Year

General guidelines

If the date is not known use n.d. in place of the year. If you have an approximate date use the abbreviation ca. (circa) and the approximate year.

Format

Author, A. A. (ca. year). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL

Author, A. A. (n.d.). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL

Examples

Smythe, V. (ca. 2007). Ant colonies: How they communicate. Emu.

Browne, J. D. (n.d.). Forensic science as a career. Tower.

Citing a Source Within a Source

Secondary source refers to information first reported in another source, the primary source. If it is possible, find the original source and read it, citing the original source.  If this is not possible then use the procedure below.

Provide a reference to the secondary source (the source you read) and, in-text, identify the primary source then write "as cited in" the secondary source that you used.  Include the original year if you know it.

Format

(Author 1, Year of original, as cited in Author 2, Year)

Author 1, Year of original (as cited in Author 2, Year)

In-text reference

Lilly (as cited in Maxwell, 1999) stated that ...

"..." (Schwartz, 2006, as cited in Burton et al., 2009, p.63)

Reference list

Maxwell, F. (1999). Phonology. Brooks Cole.

Burton, L., Westen, D., & Kowalski, R. (2009). Psychology. Wiley.

EndNote Reference Type

Book  or  Edited book  or  Electronic Book