Note: Do not include a URL or database information for works from an academic research database.
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of book [Version/edition]. Publisher. DOI
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work [Version/edition]. Publisher. URL
Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. A., Edwards, M., Sandiford, P., & Fitzgerald, M. (2020). Organisational behaviour (9th ed.). Pearson Australia.
Scott, P. A. (Ed.). (2018). Key concepts and issues in nursing ethics. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49250-6
Niemann, S., Greenstein, D., & David, D. (2004). Helping children who are deaf: Family and community support for children who do not hear well. Hesperian Foundation. http://www.hesperian.org/publications_download_deaf.php
Eddings, D. (2010). The pawn of prophecy [Kindle version]. Del Rey. http://www.amazon.com
Faggiano, V. (2012). Critical incident management: A complete response guide (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis. http://www.crcnetbase.com/ISBN/978-1-4398-7454-7
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL
Cochrane, A. (2007). Understanding urban policy: A critical approach. Blackwell.
Finkelman, A. (2006). Leadership and management in nursing. Pearson Prentice Hall.
Fullan, M. (1996). The new meaning of educational change. Cassell.
Maxwell, F. (1999). Phonology. Brooks Cole.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL
Littlejohn, S. W., & Foss, K. A. (2005). Theories of human communication (8th ed.). Wadsworth.
Carr, W., & Kemmis, S. (1986). Becoming critical: Education knowledge and action research. Falmer.
Provide surname & initial for up to and including twenty authors.
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., & Author G. G. (Year of publication). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL
Duffy, A., Deakin, V., Wieniawa-Narkiewicz, E., & Wilson, K. (2001). Guide to writing in biomedical sciences. University of Canberra.
List the first 19 authors enter three full stops (ellipsis) then enter the last author.
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., Author, G. G., Author, H. H., Author, I. I., Author, J. J., Author, K. K., Author, L. L., Author, M. M., Author, N. N., Author, O. O., Author, P. P., Author, Q. Q., Author, R. R., Author, S. S., . . . Author, Z. Z. (Year of publication). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL
If the corporate author and publisher are the same, you may omit the publisher.
Spell out the full name; do not use abbreviations.
When there are multiple layers of government used as the author, use the most specific one.
Corporate Author. (Year of publication). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL
Australian National Audit Office. (1990). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission: Community Development Employment Project. AGPS.
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2009). Indigenous housing needs 2009: A multi-measure needs model (AIHW cat. no. JOU 214).
Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year of publication). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL
Editor, A. A., & Editor, B. B. (Eds.). (Year of publication). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL
Zairi, M. (Ed.). (1999). Best practice: Process innovation management. Butterworth-Heinemann.
Inge, M. T., Duke, M., & Bryer, J. R. (Eds.). (1978). Black American writers: Bibliographical essays (Vols. 1-2). St. Martins.
Kemmis, S., & McTaggart, R. (Eds.). (1988). The action research planner (3rd ed.). Deakin University.
These are some edition statements you may see.
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work (x ed.). Publisher. DOI or URL
Littlejohn, S. W., & Foss, K. A. (2005). Theories of human communication (8th ed.). Wadsworth.
Kemmis, S., & McTaggart, R. (Eds.). (1988). The action research planner (3rd ed.). Deakin University.
Green, W. A., Hodges, B., Simons, H. J., Heverson, H. J., Mally, Q. G., De Vanders, W. M., & Greve, M. J. (2009). Matrix regression functions applicable to variable plasma fluxes (2nd rev. ed.). University of New South Wales.
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work (A. Translator, Trans.). Publisher. (Original work published Year). DOI or URL
Gaarder, J. (1994). Sophie's world: A novel about the history of philosophy (P. Moller, Trans.). Phoenix House. (Original work published 1991).
If there is a volume editor and a series editor, include only the volume editor.
If there is no title for the volume, include the volume number in parentheses.
If the volume has its own title, include the volume number and title after the main title, in italics.
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work (Vols. x). Publisher. DOI or URL
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of entire work: Vol. x. Title of volume. Publisher. DOI or URL
Inge, M. T., Duke, M., & Bryer, J. R. (Eds.). (1978). Black American writers: Bibliographical essays (Vols. 1-2). St. Martins.
Clark, C. M. H. (1978). A history of Australia: Vol. 4. The earth abideth for ever, 1851-1888. Melbourne University Press.
If there is no author - substitute the title in the position of the author.
Title of work. (Year of publication). Publisher. DOI or URL
Macroeconomics, prices and quantities: Essays in memory of Arthur M. Okun. (1983). Blackwell.
If the date is not known use n.d. in place of the year. If you have an approximate date use the abbreviation ca. (circa) and the approximate year.
Author, A. A. (ca. year). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL
Author, A. A. (n.d.). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL
Smythe, V. (ca. 2007). Ant colonies: How they communicate. Emu.
Browne, J. D. (n.d.). Forensic science as a career. Tower.
Secondary source refers to information first reported in another source, the primary source. If it is possible, find the original source and read it, citing the original source. If this is not possible then use the procedure below.
Provide a reference to the secondary source (the source you read) and, in-text, identify the primary source then write "as cited in" the secondary source that you used. Include the original year if you know it.
(Author 1, Year of original, as cited in Author 2, Year)
Author 1, Year of original (as cited in Author 2, Year)
Lilly (as cited in Maxwell, 1999) stated that ...
"..." (Schwartz, 2006, as cited in Burton, et al., 2009, p.63)
Maxwell, F. (1999). Phonology. Brooks Cole.
Burton, L., Westen, D., & Kowalski, R. (2009). Psychology. Wiley.
Book or Edited book or Electronic Book