If there is no title on an item, e.g. photo from the web, create a title and enter it in square brackets in place of the title.
[Child playing with dog]
Creator, AA Year of publication, 'Title of image', description of material, in A Author (if different from Creator), Title of work, Publisher, Location, pp. xx.
Creator, AA Year of creation, Title of image, description of material, Publisher, Location.
Creator, AA Year of creation, Title of image, description of material, viewed Day Month Year, <http://xxxxx>
Creator, AA Year of creation, 'Title of image', decription of material.
Kaplan, RS & Norton, DP 2004, 'Internal processes deliver value over different time horizons', graph, in Strategy maps: Converting intangible assets into tangible outcomes, Harvard Business School, Boston, p. 48.
Monet, C 1890, Haystacks, midday, online copy of painting, viewed 18 November 2009, <http://artsearch.nga.gov.au/Detail-LRG.cfm?IRN=29073&View-LRG>
Jordan, D 2004, Hawaii's 'gentle' volcano more dangerous than thought, photograph, viewed 16 July 2012, <http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/bigphotos/11587353.html>
Barnes, CR 2005, '[Library at Dawn]', photograph, Canberra.
Book Section or Electronic Book Section or Artwork
When citing a source you haven't read yourself, but which is referred to in a source you have read.
Lilly (as cited in Maxwell 1999, p.25) stated that '...'
'...' (Schwartz as cited in Burton, Westen & Kowalski 2009, p.63)
Maxwell, F 1999, Phonology, Brooks Cole, San Francisco.
Burton L, Westen D & Kowalski R 2009, Psychology, Wiley, Milton, Qld.
If there is no author - substitute the title in the position of the author.
Title of work Year of publication, Publisher, Location.
Macroeconomics, prices and quantities: Essays in memory of Arthur M. Okun 1983, Blackwell, Oxford, England.
If the location is not known - substitute n.p. in place of the location.
There are no guidelines for citing works with no publisher in the Style Manual: For Authors, Editors and Printers. It is acceptable in other styles to use the location and date. Consult your lecturer before citing material without a publisher.
If the date is not known - substitute an approximate date (c. for circa or ? after date) or n.d. in place of the year.
Author, AA c. year, Title of work, Publisher, Location.
Author, AA n.d., Title of work, Publisher, Location.
Author, AA 1943?, Title of work, Publisher, Location.
Smythe, V c. 2007, Ant colonies: How they communicate, Emu, Canberra.
Browne, JD n.d., Forensic science as a career, Tower, London.