UC Referencing Guide

When citing an entire web site it is sufficient to cite the address in the text. No entry is needed in the reference list.

e.g. Beyondblue (http://www.beyondblue.org.au/) is a website supporting . . .

Note: Only cite an item as a web page when it doesn't fit into any other category e.g. journal, blog, conference proceedings.

If the author and web site are the same, you may omit the site.

You may add a retrieved date if there is no creation date for the item.

Format

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day of creation). Title of work. Name of Web site. URL

Author, A. A. (n.d.). Title of work. Name of Web site. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from Name of Web site. URL

Examples

University of Canberra. (2009). Copyright guide. University of Canberra. http://www.canberra.edu.au/copyright/guide

MacIsaac, D. (1995). An introduction to action research. Physics Education Server, Buffalo State College. http://physicsed.buffalostate.edu/danowner/actionrsch.html

Dick, B. (2012). A Beginner's Guide to Action Research. Action Research & Action Learning for Community & Organisational Change. http://www.aral.com.au/resources/guide.html

Simon, J., Smith, K., & West, T. (2009). Price incentives and consumer payment behaviour. Reserve Bank of Australia. http://www.rba.gov.au/publications/rdp/2009/2009-04.html

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. (n.d.). Reducing Australia's greenhouse emissions factsheet. Retrieved February 4, 2009, from CSIRO. http://www.csiro.au/resources/ps282.html

General guidelines

If there is no author - substitute the title in the position of the author.

Format

Title of work. (Year of publication). Publisher. DOI or URL

Example

Macroeconomics, prices and quantities: Essays in memory of Arthur M. Okun. (1983). Blackwell.

General guidelines

If the date is not known use n.d. in place of the year. If you have an approximate date use the abbreviation ca. (circa) and the approximate year.

Format

Author, A. A. (ca. year). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL

Author, A. A. (n.d.). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL

Examples

Smythe, V. (ca. 2007). Ant colonies: How they communicate. Emu.

Browne, J. D. (n.d.). Forensic science as a career. Tower.

Secondary source refers to information first reported in another source, the primary source. If it is possible, find the original source and read it, citing the original source.  If this is not possible then use the procedure below.

Provide a reference to the secondary source (the source you read) and, in-text, identify the primary source then write "as cited in" the secondary source that you used.  Include the original year if you know it.

Format

(Author 1, Year of original, as cited in Author 2, Year)

Author 1, Year of original (as cited in Author 2, Year)

In-text reference

Lilly (as cited in Maxwell, 1999) stated that ...

"..." (Schwartz, 2006, as cited in Burton et al., 2009, p.63)

Reference list

Maxwell, F. (1999). Phonology. Brooks Cole.

Burton, L., Westen, D., & Kowalski, R. (2009). Psychology. Wiley.

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