If there is no title on an item, eg. photo from the web, create a title and enter it in square brackets in place of the title. Include the type of material in the title
[Photo of child playing with dog]
Creator, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of image [Description of material]. In A. Author (if different from the creator). Title of work. (pp. x). Publisher. URL
Creator, A. A. (Year of creation). Title of image [Description of material]. Source of the item. URL
Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (2004). Internal processes deliver value over different time horizons [Graph]. In Strategy maps: Converting intangible assets into tangible outcomes. Harvard Business School.
Monet, C. (1890). Haystacks, midday [Painting]. National Gallery of Australia. http://artsearch.nga.gov.au/Detail-LRG.cfm?IRN=29073&View-LRG
Jordan, D. (2004). Hawaii's 'gentle' volcano more dangerous than thought [Photograph]. National Geographic. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/bigphotos/11587353.html
Barnes, C. (2005). [Library at Dawn] [Unpublished Photograph].
If there is no author - substitute the title in the position of the author.
Title of work. (Year of publication). Publisher. DOI or URL
Macroeconomics, prices and quantities: Essays in memory of Arthur M. Okun. (1983). Blackwell.
If the date is not known use n.d. in place of the year. If you have an approximate date use the abbreviation ca. (circa) and the approximate year.
Author, A. A. (ca. year). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL
Author, A. A. (n.d.). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL
Smythe, V. (ca. 2007). Ant colonies: How they communicate. Emu.
Browne, J. D. (n.d.). Forensic science as a career. Tower.
Secondary source refers to information first reported in another source, the primary source. If it is possible, find the original source and read it, citing the original source. If this is not possible then use the procedure below.
Provide a reference to the secondary source (the source you read) and, in-text, identify the primary source then write "as cited in" the secondary source that you used.
(Author 1 as cited in Author 2, Year)
Author 1 (as cited in Author 2, Year)
Lilly (as cited in Maxwell, 1999) stated that ...
"..." (Schwartz as cited in Burton, Westen, & Kowalski, 2009, p.63)
Maxwell, F. (1999). Phonology. Brooks Cole.
Burton, L., Westen, D., & Kowalski, R. (2009). Psychology. Wiley.
Online Multimedia or Book Section (add your Description of material into the Abbreviation field)