The IEEE referencing style was created by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. The guidelines are set out in the resources listed below.
IEEE is a numbered system with a number in-text and a numbered list at the end of the document.
IEEE Editorial Style Manual for Authors
Some IEEE referencing guidelines have conflicting information. Where this occurs we have used the style in the IEEE Reference Guide.
[1] A. Author, Title. Place of publication: Publisher, Year.
[2] E. Editor, Ed., Title. Place of publication: Publisher, Year.
[3] A. Author, "Title of chapter," in Title, A Editor, Ed., Place of publication: Publisher, Year.
[4] A. Author, "Title of article," Abbrev. Title of Journal, vol. x, no. x, pp. xx-xx, Month, year, doi:xxx
[1] T. Berno, "Social enterprise, sustainability and community in post-earthquake Christchurch: exploring the role of local food systems in building resilience," J. Enterprising Communities, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 149, Jan. 2017.
J. P. Smith and F. Tindale
This is My Life: Collection of Photos by Andrew Snowden
"How we use mobile phones," Social Sci. Quart.
New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill
Canberra, Australia: Univ. of Canberra
Southbank, Australia: Wadsworth
Follow this format for entering the DOI or URL including whether you need a period at the end of the reference. See each reference type for the format to use.
This is a sentence with a reference to a journal article [1]. You can find the full details of the journal article by looking up the corresponding number in the reference list below. Baiazitova et al. [2] wrote a conference paper. Because there are more than three authors on this paper, when mentioning the authors by name in the text of a document, only the first author's name and "et al." is used. You can also reference books and standards in IEEE style, and reference multiple sources at the end of the same sentence [3], [4].
When a reference has seven or more authors, only the first author's name in included in the reference list, followed by et al. [5]. Whereas this journal article has four authors, so their names are all listed in the reference [6]. If you make a direct quote, place the page number(s) inside the brackets, for example "titanium alloys have also been used for surface modification with HA nanoparticles" [6, p. 148].
References
[1] T. Pitman, "The evolution of the student as a customer in Australian higher education: a policy perspective," Aust. Educ. Res., vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 345-359, May 2016, doi: 10.1007/s13384-016-0204-9.
[2] L. Baiazitova, J. Skopalik, V. Cmiel, J. Chmelik, O. Svoboda and I Provaznik, "Modern semi-automatic set-up for testing cell migration with impact for therapy of myocardial infarction," in IFMBE Proc., May 2019, vol. 68, 3 ed., pp. 155-159, doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-9023-3_28.
[3] J. Chapman, C. Landis and S. Smith, "The development of a library Research Methods course for online graduate students in education," in Information Literacy Programs in the Digital Age: Educating College and University Students Online, A. Daugherty and M. F. Russo, Eds. Chicago, IL, USA: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2007, ch. 3, pp. 13-22.
[4] Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries - Composite Repairs for Pipework, ISO 24817, ISO, Switzerland, 2017.
[5] T. Liu et al., "biomimetic fabrication of new bioceramics-introduced fibrous scaffolds: from physicochemical characteristics to in vitro biological properties," Mater. Sci. Eng., C, vol. 94, pp. 547-557, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.09.063.
[6] K. D. Patel, R. K. Singh, J. H. Lee and H. W. Kim, "Electrophoretic coatings of hydroxyapatite with various nanocrystal shapes," MatL, vol. 234, pp. 148-154, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1016/jmatlet.2018.09.066.
You need to provide an in-text citation if you:
IEEE uses Arabic numbers to number references. The numbers are put in square brackets e.g. [1]
Use et al. when 3 or more authors are mentioned in the text: e.g. Brown and Taylor [3] discussed and Wood et al. [4] referred to...
Once a source as been cited, the same number is used in all subsequent references in the report.
If a direct quotation is used add the pages number/s to the number. [4, p. 23]
A sequential enumerated list appears at the end of your paper, the references are listed in numerical order.
The number sits to the left of the body of the reference.
[1] T. Berno, 'Social enterprise, sustainability and community in post-earthquake Christchurch: exploring the role of local food systems in building resilience," J. Enterprising Communities, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 149, Jan. 2017.
Single space references and double space between references.
References are created using these style guidelines.
You will need to compile a list of all sources used in your assignment / report. Your reference list must provide full and accurate details, as it is the means by which the reader can follow up your sources. Guidelines for referencing a variety of sources are available in this Library Guide.
Web of Science: Journal Title Abbreviations
IEEE Reference Guide (pp. 18-21)
You can use the IEEE referencing style available through EndNote but please check your references against the UC Referencing Guide or IEEE Reference Guide.