References are listed in numerical order. The number sits to the left of the text.
[1] T. Pitman, "The evolution of the student as a customer in Australian higher education: a policy perspective," Aust. Educ. Res., vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 345-359, May 2016, doi: 10.1007/s13384-016-0204-9.
[2] L. Baiazitova, J. Skopalik, V. Cmiel, J. Chmelik, O. Svoboda and I Provaznik, "Modern semi-automatic set-up for testing cell migration with impact for therapy of yocardial infarction," in IFMBE Proc., May 2019, vol. 68, 3 ed., pp. 155-159, doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-9023-3_28.
[3] J. Chapman, C. Landis and S. Smith, "The development of a library Research Methods course for online graduate students in education," in Information Literacy Programs in the Digital Age: Educating College and University Students Online, A. Daugherty and M. F. Russo, Eds. Chicago, IL, USA: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2007, ch. 3, pp. 13-22.
Use standard abbreviations in conference names and omit most articles and propositions like "of the" and "on"
| Annals | Ann. | Proceedings | Proc. |
| Annual | Annu. | Record |
Rec. |
| Colloquium | Colloq. | Symposium | Symp. |
| Conference | Conf. | Technical Digest | Tech. Dig. |
| Convention | Conv. | Technical Paper | Tech. Paper |
| Congress | Congr. | Workshop | Workshop |
| Digest | Dig. | First | 1st |
| Exposition | Expo. | Second | 2nd |
| International | Int. | Third | 3rd |
| Meeting | Meeting | Fourth / nth... | 4th |
| National | Nat. |
For example: Proceedings of the 1996 Robotics and Automation Conference becomes Proc. 1996 Robotics and Automation Conf.
A. Author, "Title of paper," presented at the Abbreviated Name of Conference, City of Conference, State (US only), Country, Month Days, Year, Paper number.
R. Bernecky, "An SPMD/SIMD parallel tokenizer for APL," presented at APL 2003: Stretching the Mind, San Diego, CA, USA, Jun. 11-14, 2003.
J. G. Keifedlt, "An analysis of surface-detected EMG as an amplitude-modulated noise," presented at the 1989 Int. Conf. Medicine and Biological Engineering, Chicago, IL, USA, Nov. 9-12, 1989.
G. W. Juette and L. E. Zeffnella, "Radio noise currents on short sections on bundle conductors," presented at the IEEE Summer Power Meeting, Dallas, TX, USA, Jun. 22-27, 1990, Paper 90 SM 690-0 PWRS.
A. Author, "Title of paper," in Abbreviated Name of Conference, City of Conference, State (US only), Country (conference location optional), Month Days, Year, pp. xx-xx, doi: xxx
S. P Bingulac, "On the compatibility of adaptive controllers," in Proc. 4th Annu. Allerton Conf. Circuit Syst. Theory, New York, NY, USA, 1994, pp. 8-16.
G. Veruggio, "The EURON roboethics roadmap," in Proc. Humanoids '06: 6th IEEE-RAS Int. Conf. Humanoid Robots, 2006, pp. 612-617, doi: 10.1109/ICHR.2006.321337.
A. Author, "Title of paper," in Abbreviated Name of Conference, A. Editor, Ed. City of Conference, State (US only), Country (conference location optional), Month Days, Year, pp. xx-xx, doi: xx.
P. Funes, B. Orme and E. Bonabeau, "Evolving emergent group behaviors for simple human agents," in Proc 7th Eur. Conf. Artif. Life, P. Dittrich and J. T. Kim, Eds. Sep. 2003, pp. 76-89.
J. W. Tester, "The future of geothermal energy as a major global energy supplier," in Proc. Sir Mark Oliphant Int. Frontiers Sci. and Tech. Australian Geothermal Energy Conf., H. Gurgenci and A. R. Budd, Eds. Melbourne, Australia, 2008, pp. 19-21.
A. Author, "Title of paper," in Abbreviated Name of Conference in Series Title, vol. x, edition ed., Month Days, Year, pp. xx-xx
A. Amador-Perez and R. A. Rodriguez-Solis, "Analysis of a CPW-fed annular slot ring antenna using DOE", in Proc. IEEE Antennas Propag. Soc. Int. Symp., in Slot Ring Antennas II, vol. 3, 2nd ed., Jul. 2006, pp. 4301-4304.
A. Author, "Title of paper," in Abbreviated Name of Conference, City of Conference, State (US only), Country (location optional), Month Days, Year, pp. xx-xx. [Online]. Available: URL
J. T. Kahn, "Electrical and mechanical design of multipurpose ducted-fan type VTOL UAV," in 24th Canadian Conf. Elect. and Comp. Eng. (CCECE), Niagara Falls, Canada, May 8-11, 2011, pp. 15-20. [Online]. Available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/mostRecentIssue.jsp?punumber=6019108
T. Schubert, "Real challenges and solutions for validating system-on-chip high level formal verification of next-generation microprocessors," in Proc. 40th Design Automation Conf. (DAC'03), Jun. 2-6, 2003. [Online]. Available: http"//www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/dac/2003/2394/00/2394001-abs.html
J. Yanamadala et al., "Segmentation of the visible human project (VHP) female cryosection images within MATLAB environment," in Proc. 23rd Int. Meshing Roundtable, London, U.K., Oct. 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.imr.sandia.gov/papers/imr23.htm